when I study those speakers study how they use these data in their speech I admire this person a lot Then I want all of you to look at him carefully This is where I realized that there was really a need to communicate, because the data of what's happening in the world and the child health of every country is very well aware. So we did this software which displays it like this: every bubble here is a country. This country over here is China. This is India. The size of the bubble is the population, and on this axis here, I put fertility rate. Because my students, what they said when they looked upon the world, and I asked them, "What do you really think about the world?" Well, I first discovered that the textbook was Tintin, mainly. (Laughter) And they said, "The world is still 'we' and 'them.' And 'we' is Western world and 'them' is Third World." "And what do you mean with Western world?" I said. "Well, that's long life and small family, and Third World is short life and large family.” So this is what I could display here. I put fertility rate here: number of children per woman: one, two, three, four, up to about eight children per woman. We have very good data since 1962 -- 1960 about -- on the size of families in all countries. The error margin is narrow. Here I put life expectancy at birth, from 30 years in some countries up to about 70 years. And 1962, there was really a group of countries here that was industrialized countries, and they had small families and long lives. And these were the developing countries: they had large families and they had relatively short lives. Now what has happened since 1962? We want to see the change. Are the students right? Is it still two types of countries? Or have these developing countries got smaller families and they live here? Or have they got longer lives and live up there? Let's see. We stopped the world then. This is all U.N. statistics that have been available. Here we go. Can you see there? It's China there, moving against better health there, improving there. All the green Latin American countries are moving towards smaller families. Your yellow ones here are the Arabic countries, and they get larger families, but they -- no, longer life, but not larger families. The Africans are the green down here. They still remain here. This is India. Indonesia's moving on pretty fast. (Laughter) And in the '80s here, you have Bangladesh still among the African countries there. But now, Bangladesh it's a miracle that happens in the '80s: the imams start to promote family planning. They move up into that corner. And in '90s, we have the terrible HIV epidemic that takes down the life expectancy of the African countries and all the rest of them move up into the corner, where we have long lives and small family, and we have a completely new world. (Applause) Ok. This is so hot, due to the greatest scientist. I would like to ask you guys what actually he’s talking about. He’s talking some life expectancy, life expectancy family size smaller family biger family Then it has two variables One is about the life expectancy Longer life or shorter life and the other is about the family size Smaller family or bigger family I mean these two variables And as time goes on from 1962 till now Then in a more visualized way he used some dots The bigger dot means the bigger family size and small dots means small fmily size Then, the time going on we see slowly that they went together in this direction what does this direction means? bigger family or small family small and a higher or lower life expentancy higher OK So basicly he is saying such a thing Now look at what he’s been talking about We have very good data since 1962 to 1960 about That is It was from 1962 that good evience was collected Then he made some correction Probably, it was in 1960 he made more change 1960 about on the size of families in all countries family size in all the countries The error margin is narrow so the wrong part the wrong area is actually very small so relatively speaking, it is difficult Here I put life expectancy at birth from 30 years in somecountries up to 70 years then the average life expenctancy 30 yars in some country and even 70 years in certain countries And 1962 there was really a group of countries here that was industrialized countries and they had small families and long lives Then we can sure that in 1962, there are some small families in industrialied countries then they have long life span And these were the developing countries Then let look at the developing countries It goes like this they had large families There are more families numbers and they had relatively short lives So Now what has happened since 1962 We want to see the change since 1962 What changes have happened? Are the students right Are the students right in front of him because some opinions hold by his students So is my student right? Is it still two types of countries Is it still two types of countries Or have these developing countries got smaller families and they live here Or have these developing countries and they live here got smaller families so there He is actually pointing at the change of the picture Or have they got longer lives and live up there or the life expectancy is enlonged then the line here will go upward Let's see We stopped the world then This is all UN statistics that have been available Here we go Can you see there It's China there At that time, because he knows his data well so he can find China quite fast in all the moving dots You see that is China Can you see there It's China there moving against better health there better health there improving there All the green Latin American countries are moving towards smaller families And all the green dots represents Latin America we can see that they are moving toward smaller family size Your yellow ones The he points at those yellow dots here are the Arabic countries and they get larger families but they no longer life but not larger families Then look at those Arabian countries they have bigger and bigger family size No, he then makes correction this longer life but not larger families It doesn't refer to a big family size then he makes a little amendment he talks that quickly The Africans are the green down here and the green dots symbolize Africa there it is They still remain here This is India Then he says let's look at India and Indonesia's moving on pretty fast These two are moving very fast And in the '80s here you have Bangladesh Bangladesh still among the African countries there and it does not move a lot But now Bangladesh it's a miracle that happens in the '80 it's a miracle that happens in the '80 the imams start to promot family planning family planning began They move u into that corne family planning is linked to the smaller families then they move toward that direction And in '90 we have the terrible HI eepidemic that takes down the lif expectanc of the African countries and all the rest of the move up into the corne Then he bring about the influence of AIDS he says in the 1990s, the average life span in some Africa was affected by it then it moves towards that corner where we have long live and small famil There are small family and longer life there and we have completely new world then a new world appears He is making a presentation He may make a study for 10 years or even 20 years, then he finally gets these data But we can see that he talks those data, which are gotten from his study, with great passion and to be honest I think We Chinese students need to learn form him, not with the limitation of students, Actually, we know our biggest problem is that from ancient time to now we have many cleaver Chinese If we regard Nobel as a standard Then many of them may have gained that prize but most importantly a basic problem is that we have always been saying that with our own language we know Mo Yan gained the Nobel prize If people look closely, then you will find that many people in other countries like the novels of Mo Yan so it is those native speaker that help Mo Yan translate his novel into French, Spanish, and Latin He is thus known to the world OK Then you may find out that in the academic world, and even today, we can say many excellent teachers are devoted to a certain area but it is difficult to say how to present their knowledge to the whole world in proper English, and in an appropriate way just look at the paragraph actually, the techer is not native English speaker but you can still have a clear feeling he is also learning English but he has more chances to speak English it is more demanding but what we are facing in the future in most cases is to do a research, or make academic exchange we need to learn from them in this respect it seems to become true very soon but actually in the 5 to 10 years I think China will make great progress it is because in the aspect of college English education some reform is going to appear in this reform a very important one I have ever shared that with my students It is called ESP the small concept is called EAP namely, English for Academic Purposes the research should be made when students are in college. this EPA learning, freshman is good, sophermore is the lastest. Today, we see many foreigners run their schools in China but they do not use the current college education system they enable their students, foreigners or Chinese, who are in a cooperated school, to learn in the system of EPA, EAP tells them in the academic study how they make statement, how to express themselves in the academic learning process just as what I said all these are very basic the learn content through this class we can do more research OK
