The fourth element, this is also important. Sometime you just simply want to be very serious. You want to persuade people to make important decisions and then, what you do? You need to avoid that you are doing very subjective decisions or subjective estimations. So you try to avoid giving people the impression that you are very subjective so you need data. Figures, numbers, diagrams, you need all those tools to tell your audience what you want them to believe in. Let's take the recent example like Tsai Tsing in in the documentary Under the Dome. In the very beginning she is citing this diagram about the smogs in Beijing. I mean, normally when we do presentations, we don't start by searching some diagram, some data, some number, but if you are trained to be objective If you want to really impress your audience with some hard facts, numbers and diagrams, these are preferrable actually. And from beginning to the end, I believe there are dozens of places that she is using data and those diagrams to persuade the audience. And these things are hard to I mean these hard facts are not something to be doubted. I mean this is to make it more convincing. And this something that I want all of my students will do, I mean, especially for Chinese students who seldom quote any data and I believe this is the very basic step that you need to go through. Use exact numbers and figures or the same data they talk for themselves, actually. And the fifth factor that I want to talk about is visualization. Sometimes you are telling people, you are sharing with abstract concept, so there may not be some exact numbers. There may not be some images, but you can create them. For example, in the year 2013 Skylar Tibbits a scientist who is working on 4D printing. We recently we heard about 3D printing a lot but not 4D. There's another dimension that we should core time, okay? So this is hard for the audience to catch. So, he is trying to visualize the concept by using all these images or some cartoons to make this happen. And also like this, the 4D printing, the Multi-Material shape change. It change with time. Normally, we have something, get it fixed, it doesn't change. It is three dimensional. It has no relevance with time. But for 4D, you can arrange that this printing happen somewhere in the future, okay? So, by all these images and those pictures, he tried to visualize this concept, which is something that I want my students to practice on. And I'll give you one more example. Chris Jordan an artist in 2008 in Ted Talk, I mean, he is super good at making those social issues visual. How comes? [COUGH] This artist has certainly got a strong sense of social responsibility and when you look at this picture you will see there are a lot of paper cups. Actually he is talking about the paper cup consumption everyday on American airlines. For one single day, and they have consumed tons of paper bags, paper cups. So, and he showed this picture. It's like in some factory there's a lot of pipes. Actually, those are made of paper, those are made of paper cups, and you still have no idea then. So this picture, if we put up these paper cups like this, you will find out it's this tall. It's much higher than the statue of liberty. And this two little dot over here, humans. So he managed to visualize how serious this issue is. Every day the Americans are consuming this big sum of paper cups, and that's not recycled. That's the point. You may want to search for the whole video in Ted Talks, and titled with Turning Statistics Into Art. This is a very good one, I suggest you watch this later. Another one is that he's much concerned with cigarette smoking, and there are hundreds of thousands of different brands of cigarettes, people are smoking every day. And he made all of these cigarettes into very small parts and build them up into a skeleton. It's a little bit frightening but is a good reminder. People are dying because they smoke everyday. Cigarette smoking, serious problem. Well, I will also like to side this. This is a picture out of Under The Dome. In a documentary, this bunch of people, they were investigating about the guy's quality, and they were questioning this owner of the shop. And because they are from the Environmental Protection Department, so this is what this guy says. [FOREIGN]. You have this obligations but you don't have the power. You don't have the right. I mean, this single picture actually tells a lot. And, I believe that this may give you some good lesson if you have some very good picture or some images, and then you can make your point much clearer. Okay, let's just sum it up. If you have good Story, tell it, if you don't, try to make your speech or presentation a good story. Put up your Passion. If you are passionate, people turn to listen. A good sense of Humor, try to practice. Train yourself. Use Data. They will talk for themselves. Visualize the easier the question that you are talking about. If you are excellent, at least one or two of them, you are already an excellent presenter or speaker.
